INDONESIAN NATIONAL HISTORY

INDONESIAN NATIONAL HISTORY

Declaration of independence, which is our August 17, the annual commemoration of a historic event, the Indonesian people. Announcement, changed the course of history, evoke the spirit of freedom. 

From all forms of colonialism.

Incident a few years ago. Let's re-independence August 17, 1945 Declaration of the historical record.

debate

Announcement is preceded by a debate in the youth group, the elderly rampant. Whether it is the elderly and young people, in fact, we want to declare independence from the Japanese government invalid authority as soon as possible in the hands of atmosphere. But, on how to implement the declaration, there are differences of opinion. The elderly, according to the political calculations that Indonesia can be independent without bloodshed, if it is to maintain cooperation with Japan.

Therefore, the declaration of independence, needed an organized revolution. Sukarno and Hatta, two old group leader, intends to discuss the implementation of the Preparatory Committee for Indonesian independence independent (PPKI) conference declaration. As a result, the implementation of the Declaration of Independence from the Japanese government regulations do not deviate from. It is this attitude is not recognized youth groups. They believe that the agency PPKI is made in Japan. Instead, the youth group of the need to implement the Declaration of independence, relying on its own strength. Japan completely free from government interference. This difference of opinion led to the elderly who focus groups of young people to encourage them to "kidnapping" of self Soekarno - Hatta (see Marwati Djoened Poesponegoro Code 1984: 77-81)

August 15, 1945, at about 22:00 in the residence Vostok Pegangsaan 56 Bung Karno Jakarta, serious debate with a group of young people between the Bung Karno happened Lasmidjah Hardi described the Declaration of Independence (1984: 58); Ahmad Soebardjo (1978: 85-87), as follows:

"Now buddy, now! Tonight, we also launched a revolution!" Said Chairul Saleh convince Bung Karno, thousands of armed soldiers surrounded the preparation of the city, intends to expel the Japanese. "We want to seize power!" Said Sukarni hot. "We are ready to sacrifice our lives!" They shouted. Wikana threat even dare speak Sukarno; "if Bung Karno not issued a notice on this night, it will lead to bloodshed and slaughter of tomorrow."

Hear that threat, Sukarno temper, stood to Wikana said: "This comes from my neck, and I put it onto the corner, cut my throat tonight, you do not have to wait until tomorrow!!." Hada warning Wikana; "Japan is the past, we must now face the Netherlands will be held in our quest to restore if you do not like what I say, and think that you are willing and able to declare independence agree, why do not you declare itself independent of it.? Why ask Sukarno to do this? "

However, youth continue to urge; "Do we have to wait until independence was a gift to us, even though Japan had surrendered themselves and" His jihad "was defeated!." "Why did not people themselves who memprokla masikan independence? Why did not we become our own independence as a nation?." Quietly, after the anger subsided, Sukarno said;! "...... That a handful of these are not sufficient to fight the Japanese army and always ready to tell me the power, you can tell me where the force of the evidence, it? enumerated it? What part of your security measures to rescue women and children? How to maintain after the declaration of independence? We do not assistance from Japan or the Allies. Imagine how we would stand on its own strength. " Therefore, Bung Karno replied calmly.

These young people, or a request for Soekarno - Hatta declared independence immediately. However, these two figures, still in its original posture. After repeatedly urged the youth, Bung Karno replied that he can not decide alone, he must negotiate with other leaders. Bung Karno Youth Envoy invited to negotiate. When these figures exist, inter alia, Muhammad • Hada, Soebardjo, IWA Kusumasomantri, Djojopranoto and Sudiro. Before long, Hadad made a decision, and that the origin of youth is unacceptable reasons, the small amount of computation that may occur many lives and property. Hada hear explanations, youth seem to be satisfied. They believe that deviate; kidnapping Bung Karno and Bung Hatta to get rid of the impact of Japan's two numbers intentions.

4:00, 16 August 1945, Sukarno and Hatta brought by a group of young people Rengasdengklok. Action "kidnapping" is very disappointing Bung Karno, as Lasmidjah Hardi (1984: 60). Bung Karno anger and disappointment, especially because young people do not want to listen to the sound judgment. They think his behavior is a patriotic act. However, look at the situation and the situation hot, Bung Karno had no choice but to follow the wishes of the youth was brought to their designated places. Fatmawati his wife, and the Thunder this yet one year old at the time, she admitted.

Young Rengasdengklok town near Falkirk, to ensure Soekarno - Hatta military computing choice; the Ethical Treatment of Animals (Homeland Guard) members Daidan Purwakarta and Daidan Jakarta to establish a close relationship, because they held up exercise . In addition, remote Rengasdengklok located about 15 km. The Kedunggede Falkirk. Therefore, the detection easily in the Japanese approach Rengasdengklok complete each movement, coming either from the direction of Jakarta and Bandung and Central Java.

Day, Sukarno and Hatta in Rengasdengklok. Youth intent to suppress them, in order to immediately implement desperate with Japan, apparently to no avail of the Declaration of Independence. We must have sufficient authority. The young man who took him to Rengasdengklok, unwilling to put pressure on both. Sukarni and friends, can only urge the Soekarno - Hatta as soon as it has been planned by the youth in the Jakarta declaration announced. However, Soekarno - Hatta did not want to urge approval. The two sides uphold the calculation and their own plans. Bamboo hut in the middle of rice fields shaped stage Rengasdengklok, heat in the course of the debate; the "revolution is in our hands, and we ordered the man, that guy does not start the revolution tonight, so ...." "And then?" Shouted Bung Karno, he rose from his chair, with fiery anger. All shocked, no one moved or spoke.

Time to calm down the atmosphere. After Bung Karno table. In a low voice, he began to speak; "in war and revolution, the most important thing is the right time in Saigon, I planned the whole job is to run on 17.." "Why it was taken in 17, why not now, or 16?" Asked Sukarni. "I'm a believer in mystical." I can not explain the reasons why the 17 more promising to me. But I feel in my heart, this is a good time. No. 17 is a sacred number. First, we are in the month of Ramadan, when we are fasting, which means our most sacred moment. On the 17th, tomorrow Friday, Friday, Friday, Friday Legi is happy, holy Friday. Koran revealed that in 17, Muslim prayer 17 cycles, the 17th of the sacred is not man-made "and therefore, inter alia, Rengasdengklok written Lasmidjah Hardi: dialogue with young people (1984 61) between Bung Karno.

Meanwhile, in Jakarta, with the elderly and young people to talk about Mr., we should carry out independent Wikana in Jakarta Ahmad Soebardjo. Admiral Maeda loyal, willing to guarantee, but at his home for their safety. Under the agreement, young Yusuf Kunto, the day Ahmed Soebardjo drove alongside his private secretary, Sudiro, Sukarno and Hatta to Rengasdengklok pick. Rengasdengklok pickup line arrive around 17:00. Ahmed Soebardjo Declaration of Independence will provide assurance August 17, 1945, at the latest 12:00 announcement. With such a guarantee, the company commander of the local PETA, Cudanco Soebeno, unwilling to let go of Sukarno and Hatta returned to Jakarta (Marwati Djoened Poesponegoro Code 1984: 82-83).

Text formulate announcement

Soekarno - Hatta in Jakarta and his party arrived around 23:00. Admiral Tian-zhong provoke straight before Imam Bonjol 1, after first reducing Fatmawati Sukarno and his son's house in his hometown. Preparations Home Laksamada Maeda, was chosen to announce their attitude because Maeda, providing security assurances Bung Karno and other digital text. DeGraaf quoted Soebardjo: Attitude (1978 60-61) described, Maeda is this. Maeda attitude certainly gives an indescribable feeling of the people of Indonesia, as a naval officer always contact with the Indonesian people.

As a naval officer who saw more of the world than the average officer, he has quite a narrow military state of mind more accurate view. He speaks several languages. He is responsible for Bukanfu personnel in Batavia; naval procurement office in Indonesia. In particular, he does not limit its military mission, but so that he can get used to the atmosphere in Java, he formed, in which the Chairman of the commission Soebardjo same place for his information office. Through this office, which requires no small cost to him, he won the understanding of the issues in Java better than his official communique from the army. All the more, he boldly build dormitories young Indonesian nationalism nationalism. Prominent leader, seconded teachers teach hostel. Doctrine, and radical propaganda. More agile than the military, he won many nationalists who know to ensure that complaints and objections, they can always be expressed as Maeda's heart. Maeda's attitude is the case, make a freedom of nationalists, it is the future of the nation's most important.

That night, the house from Admiral Maeda, Sukarno and Hatta was accompanied by former 田海军 will meet Somobuco (head of the General Administration), Major General Nishimura, concerning the implementation of the Declaration of Independence, to explore attitudes. Nishimura said, because Japan had surrendered to the Allies, the Japanese military is not allowed to change the status quo. He asked the Japanese soldiers to the coalition forces command. According to line Achan KEBI Sukarno - Hatta Village prohibit PPKI hold this announcement Kemerde Kahn implementation framework meeting. Given this reality, Soekarno - Hatta concluded that no separate issue with membicara Indonesia and Japan. They just hope the Japanese side will not people in Indonesia itself (Hada, 1970: 54-55) lurking hectares langi implementation of the declaration of independence.

After the meeting, Sukarno and Hatta Back Admiral Maeda's house. In the restaurant Admiral Maeda's house is to develop the text of the Declaration of Independence. Maeda, as the host, resigned to his bedroom on the second floor, when the history of the event took place. Miyoshi, people trust Nishimura, along Sukarni, Sudiro, and BM Diah witnessed Sukarno, Hatta and Ahmad Soebardjo discuss the formulation of the Declaration text. The other characters, both from the elderly and youth groups, waiting on the front porch.

According Soebardjo (1978: 109) in front of Admiral Tian restaurant before midnight, to develop the text of the Declaration will be arranged to read the next day. Written on a piece of paper the concept Sukarno declared. Hatta and Ahmad Soebardjo donate his ideas verbally. The text of the Declaration is the first sentence proposal Achmed Soebardjo Dokuritsu Junbi Cosakai shot from the formula, and the last sentence is their contribution • Muhammad Hatta. Hada assume the first sentence is simply willing Indonesian people to decide their own destiny, he thought about the statement should be added the transfer of authority (sovereignty) of the declaration. Then dihasilkanlah announced the final formulation of the text.

After alone in the restaurant, the group completed the formulation of the text of the Declaration, they stoop to meet the audience gathered in the room. At that time, in the morning before dawn. Clock display, 04.00, Sukarno began by reading bulletin formula, it is still a concept of text, open the meeting. Soebardjo (1978: 109-110) describe the atmosphere: "Although the announcement typed text, we used to take food and drinks from the kitchen, pre-hosts who are ready to go to his bedroom in the upper left Rengasdengklok when we did not eat any. thing. Ramadan is a sacred month's time is running out meal, once we receive back typed text we are headed in the morning prayer in front of the large room before the last meal., house for Everyone stood up, no chairs in the room. I also mixed with some members of the Committee in the middle of the room. Sukarni standing next to me. Soekarno Hatta accompanying stand facing the audience. The time is August 17, 1945 in the morning 04 : 00, earlier in the day in a few Sukarno declared the meeting open.

"The state of emergency, forcing us to accelerate the implementation of the Declaration of Independence. The draft text has been intended to be read in the presence of relatives, I hope this is true, we can approve it, so that we can continue and complete our work before dawn. "For participants, Sukarno proposed jointly announced the signing of a representative of the Indonesian nation. The proposal is enhanced by the Muhammad • Hada, take the example of the United States' Declaration of Independence. " The proposal is opposed to who does not agree, the old number is called the "slave Japan," announced the joint signing of a youth. Sukarni recommend signatories text of the Declaration of just two people, that Sukarno and Mohammad Hatta on behalf of Indonesia • nation. Sukarni proposal was recognized by the audience.

Melik has Sajuti by typing the manuscript, Sukarno and Mohammad Hatta • sign immediately. Announcement question arises how it should announce to the people of Indonesia, but also to all corners of the world. Where, in what way this should be organized? According Soebardjo (1978: 113), Sukarni so informed, Jakarta and its surrounding people are called to hordes Ikada Stadium on August 17 to hear the Declaration of Independence. However, Sukarno rejected suggestions Sukarni. "No," Sukarno "is better in my East Pegangsaan their premises. Front yard of the house is spacious enough for hundreds of people. For what we have to stir up trouble? Ikada stadium is a public square. General Meeting no pre-arranged military authorities, likely to cause misunderstanding. violence between the people and the military authorities would disperse the rally is likely to occur. Therefore, I invite you to be present in about 56 East Pegangsaan 10:00 in the morning. "The meeting therefore final decision.

Moment bulletin

Last Friday of Ramadan, the month in 05.00 pm, August 17, 1945 in the eastern horizon gushing dawn. Early morning dew still hanging on the edge of the leaves. Admiral Maeda's house the country's leaders and youth leaders, and to develop the text of the Declaration until after dawn, to overcome pride. Among them, it has agreed to this day at home Lisujianuo, Pegangsaan Timur Indonesia declared independence 56 Jakarta, 10:00. Punta Hada had counseled who worked in the media and news agencies, to reproduce the text of the Declaration, and spread it around the world (Hada, 1970: 53) young man.

To independence, the implementation of the air 56 East Pegangsaan quite busy declaration. Deputy Mayor, Soewirjo, Mr. orderly Wilopo prepare the necessary equipment, such as microphones and speakers number. Although Sudiro ordered S. Suhud ready flagpole. Because of the tension, Suhud not remember Sukarno in front of the house, there are two flagpoles unused metal. Instead, he found a piece of bamboo is behind the house. Bamboo cleaning, and give the rope. Then a few steps from the front porch planting. Flag sewn by hand Mrs Fatmawati Sukarno ready. The shape and size of the sign is not a standard, because the fabric is not perfect size. In fact, the fabric was not originally prepared for the flag.

While independent, who already know who will be gathered to implement the declaration. Sukarno's house has been overrun by a group of young people and people who queued law. Some people nervous, fearing a possible invasion of Japan. The sun getting higher and higher, announcement has not yet started. At that time, Sukarno continuous suffering pain, the development of new text after the announcement cold nights and sleep complete. The invitation has been greatly come in, people who have been waiting since the morning, but was getting impatient. They are full of tension desire is difficult to immediately notice. Who can not wait, start Bung Karno youth urged to immediately read the text of the Declaration. However, I do not want to read the full announcement Bung Karno no Muhammad • Hatta existence. Starting five minutes at the event, Muhammad • Hatta came dressed in a white room straight Sukarno. • welcomed Muhammad Hatta arrival, Bung Karno bed dressed. He also wore a white suit and white. Ceremony where the two of them.

Marwati Djoened Poesponegoro (1984: 92-94) Read the full announcement ceremony described. Ceremony is simple. If there is no agreement. Hendraningrat Latif, PETA in an immediate notification to the young man who had been waiting since early morning to stand the whole line. Meanwhile all with perfect posture upright standing. Latif then invited Sukarno and Mohammad Hatta took a few steps closer • microphone. With the steady, clear voice, before reciting Sukarno announced a brief introductory text speech.

"Ladies and gentlemen! I have asked the brothers present here to witness an event is the most important in our history. For decades our country has been fighting Indonesian independence of our country. There are even centuries of wave action We want to achieve our independence, there is no rise and fall, but our souls are still ideal. Moreover, in the era of Japan, our efforts to achieve national independence and did not stop. In the era of Japan is obviously only if we rely on them But in fact, we still constitute our own strength. We still believe in our own strength. It is time we actually took the fate of the country and our homeland destiny in our own hands. Only who dare to fate people in their own hands, we can stand strong. Therefore, we, last night had consultations with leaders from across the country people of Indonesia and Indonesia discussed is formed, the coalition believes that now's the time to declare our independence.

Ladies and gentlemen! Our determination in this statement. Listen to our manifesto: announcement; we are here to declare the country of Indonesia and the Indonesian independence. Something about the transfer of power and that of others, carefully organized manner in the shortest possible time. Jakarta, August 17, 1945 on behalf of Indonesia Sukarno / Hatta.

So, brothers and sisters! We now have freedom. No one can combine our homes, our nation relationship! From that moment on, we are preparing our country! Independent state. Independent Republic of Indonesia, the eternal, unchanging. Inshallah, God bless our independence it ". (Koesnodiprojo, 1951).

The event, followed by the raising of the flag. Sukarno and Hatta took a few steps down to the last step of the front porch, in the very front of about two meters. When asked to hoist the flag of SK Trimurti, he refused: "good soldier," he said. If you have not been told, Latif Hendraningrat unified dirty green PETA advance to near the flagpole. S. Suhud took the flag has been provided, and tied a rope from the top of the tray Latif Hendraningrat assistance.

Flag slowly rising. If you do not lead, the audience spontaneously sang Indonesia Eid. Flag hanging in a snail's pace, adjusting to the song Indonesia Chicago long enough rhythm. After the flag-raising, followed by a speech from the mayor and Dr. Soewirjo. Muwardi.

Declaration of Independence, Lasmidjah Hardi: After (1984 77) that the ritual reading, there is a pioneer army which numbered about 100 people, led by S. Brata, into Sukarno's home page. They came too late. With a loud voice full of disappointment S. Brata requirements Bung Karno announcement read again. Bung Karno heard the cry of the heart is not enough, he came to his room. In front of the microphone mouthpiece, he explained that announcement speak only once, it is valid forever. Brata heard statement is not satisfied, he asked the Bung Karno make a simple task. This time the request was filled. People on the move or do not want to complete the ceremony, some members of Barisan Pioneer's still sitting huddled in front of Bung Karno chamber.

Shortly after Punta Hada family, according to Lasmidjah Hardi (1984: 79) to the 3 magnifying glass Japan. They were told to wait for the back room, no seats. Sudiro may have guessed, because what they came. BN pioneer members began the siege of it. Bung Karno Sudiro college entrance wearing pajamas, so had to wearing clothes. Then the dialogue between Japanese Envoy Bung Karno: "We were Gunseikan Kakka sent to prohibit Sukarno said Declaration," "Declaration have I said," Bung Karno said quietly. "There is it?" Asked the Japanese minister also baffled. "Yes, already!" Said Bung Karno. Japan's special envoy in the hands of young people and their bulging around the eyes were already placed in the cutter. See In this case, the Japanese people immediately forgive myself. At the same time, Latif Hendraningrat contemplative thinking negligence. Due to the tense atmosphere enveloped, he forgot to call Soetarto from PFN to record the event. Fortunately plate IPPHOS movie Frans Mendur only three (there was no rolls of film). Thus, the historical events from all over the country, there are only three files; that is, when reading text Bung Karno notice when a flag-raising, some photos of the event participants witnessed.