Historical Brunei Darussalam

Historical Brunei Darussalam

Brunei About this sound listen (help • info) / bruːnaɪ /, official name: Brunei Darussalam, Jawi: Brunei Darussalam (Malay state: نڬارا بروني دارالسلام), is a sovereign country in Southeast Asia located in the northern coast of the island of Borneo. The country has an area of 5765 square kilometers of the coast of Borneo island touched the entire South China Sea region. Its area is divided into two nations in Malaysia, namely Sarawak.

Currently, Brunei, Singapore's second highest after human development index in Southeast Asia, so it is classified as a developed country. [10] The International Monetary Fund (IMF), Brunei's per capita GDP in the world's fifth largest purchasing power parity. Meanwhile, Forbes put Brunei as the country's fifth richest 182 countries, because it has oil and gas are widespread. [11] In addition, Brunei also its prosperity in the implementation of Islamic law and firmness, both in government and public life.

Origin of Brunei

Brunei royal family genealogy stone Tarsilah discover who wrote the text, from Awang Alak Betatar, an early convert to Islam (1368), until Sultan Mohammed Tajuddin (text on the 19th Sultan, the king's family tree from 1795 to 1804 of Inter ruled 1804-1807).

Brunei Malay is the country's oldest kingdom among. Based Arabia, China and the oral tradition of the old paper records acquired exists. In the Chinese history known as Bao Li, Bao Luo, bangs or Pune and Bunlai records. In determining Dzabaj or Randj Arab records.

Record oral tradition from Brunei Awang Semaun mentioned new words well, after the group, led by Pate berbai Sakai clan to seek the establishment of the Brunei River, where a new national poetry has been obtained. After obtaining the region, there is a very strategic by the mountains, water, readily identifiable and transport, and rich in edible fish on both sides of the source on the river, so Arai their pronunciation, which means that this place is very good, pleasing and appropriate, the establishment of national accordance with their wishes in their hearts. Then, the new word gradually became Brunei.

A copy of the pagoda, you can find explained that India had accepted Buddhism at the same time by the residents of Brunei Brunei History Center. Because it has become a pilgrimage of religious practices, when they reach a certain place, they will erect a stupa as a symbol, on their arrival, the development of such confidence in that place notice. A copy of the tombstone P'u Chih Mu cry ah, tombstone Rokayah Bint Sultan Abdul Majid • • 哈桑伊卜尼 • Ibni Al Sultan Mohammed Shah and Syed Alwi tombstone bar -Faqih of (Mufaqih) also describe the advent of Islam brought by travelers, traders and missionaries in Brunei, mubaliqh Islam, so Islam is influential and have a place for locals and Brunei royal family.

• Ali Sharif since the beginning of Islam was appointed as the Sultan of Brunei to -3 in the year 1425 with former Sudanese mengahwini daughter Ali Sharif • growth in the Sultanate of Brunei very quickly lost interest. Descendants of Sultan Syarif Ali was the Prophet's grandson Shalallahualaihi wassallam of Ahlul Bait / Pancir, that mu'minin Hassan / Syaidina Hassan in Batu Tarsilah / from Bandar Sri Lanka included in Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei 18th century inscription Say. Ali's descendants was also in the development of the territory of the Sultanate of Brunei lower around Sudan, namely reducing the three rounds of the Sudan and the Sultan of Sulu.

Says Darussalam, Arabic, means "quiet place" or "family security", pinned in the 15th century by the Sultan on the 3rd, Sharif • Ali, assert Islam as the state religion, and increase its spread. [

Brunei History

Researchers have to believe this is the establishment of the Sultanate of Brunei today prior to the history of other kingdoms, called China as Bonnie. Please note that the Chinese and Arabs show that in the 7th or 8th century, the Brunei River estuary began this ancient trading empire. Kingdom covering a large area of Sabah, Brunei and Sarawak, with headquarters in Brunei. The Sultanate of Brunei is also Trade Centre and China. This early Empire had conquered headquartered in Sumatra since the beginning of the 9th century AD control in northern Borneo and Philippines Srivijaya empire. The country will never be conquered (vazal) Majapahit kingdom concentrated in the island of Java. Brunei subordinates region Majapahit listed in Negarakertagama. Majapahit power, because it is not long after the death of Brunei Hayam Wuruk hotels freed and returns as an independent country and an important trade center.

In the early 15th century, under the rule of the Kingdom of Malacca Parameswara has spread its influence, then took over the trade of Brunei. These changes led to the spread of Islam in the late 15th century in Brunei businessmen. Malacca Portuguese autumn 1511, leading to the Sultan of Brunei to take over the leadership of Islam from Malacca to make Brunei Sultanate reached 15 century era kegemilangannya Hinga 17th century, while expanding its powers and the northern Philippines island of Borneo. In Sultan Bolkiah (1473-1521) rule caused the sea of the famous King Odyssey, never even once conquered Manila. The Sultanate of Brunei to expand its influence north Luzon and Sulu, as well as in the south and West Kalimantan; and ninth reign of Sultan Hassan (1605-1619), who built the palace is arranged and customs rules still eternal today.

In 1839, England • James Brooke arrived in Sarawak to become king there attacked Brunei, Sarawak make Brunei lose control. In return, he was sworn in as governor and later "princes" of Sarawak in Borneo northwest region before expanding his reign. December 19, 1846, Labuan and the surrounding handed James • Brooke. Through trading companies and governments, little by little Brunei region fell to Britain, in a British protectorate until independence in 1984 after standing in their own territory Brunei.

Meanwhile, the British North Borneo Union is expanding its control in the northeast Borneo. In 1888, Brunei became a state in the protection of the British Empire, the continuation of the sovereign state, but the country still controlled the affairs of the United Kingdom. In 1906, when another step Brunei accepted the extension of British rule, the executive power is transferred to the residents of the UK, who advised King Sudan in all cases, except those in line with local customs and religion.

In 1959, Brunei judgment declaring a new kingdom rule, except in diplomatic relations, security and defense, and these issues are the responsibility of the United Kingdom. Under the experimental establishment of a regulatory body in 1962 was forced, because of the uprising of the opposition namely Brunei People's Party who wants to unite the unitary state of Brunei, Sarawak and North Borneo North Borneo been forgotten, but with British help This rebellion was eradicated. In late 1950 and early 1960, when the kingdom of Brunei, it rejects plan (although initially expressed interest) to participate in Singapore, Sabah, and Sarawak to form Malaysia Tanah Malay, last Sultan of Brunei, when it intends to establish an independent country.

In 1967, Omar Ali Saifuddin III • already down from the throne and appointed his eldest son • Hassanal Bolkiah, the Sultan of Brunei to 29. His Majesty also very pleased to be the title for full attribution Paduka Seri Begawan Sultan kemmerdekaan and defense minister after the text. In 1970, the central government of Brunei country town, has been renamed Bandar Seri Begawan to commemorate the king. In 1986 the king died.

January 4, 1979, Brunei and Britain signed an agreement of cooperation and friendship. In January 1, 1984, Brunei Darussalam has achieved full independence.

Brunei currently has an area smaller than ever, with neighboring Sarawak west from the eastern region, as well as the northern border of the South China Sea

Politics

Kingdom of Brunei is an absolute monarchy and the government of Sudan, who served as heads of state and heads of government, while Prime Minister and Defense Minister seagai from Sudan and a number of ministers advisory committee to assist the country style. Sultan Haji Hassanal Bolkiah Lull • who won his title, since the 15th century, the same dynasty, the Heads of State and Government of Brunei. King has been suggested that some of the components and the Cabinet of Ministers, even though the king is memorable is the highest government. Media greatly benefit the kingdom, the royal family remain in the country a respectable position.

Brunei does not have a legislative committee, but in September 2000, the Sudanese Parliament held a meeting to decide who would never again be held in the Parliament since 1984, has no power other than the notification of the Sudan. Sudan's absolute rule by the result, Brunei has the most stable one in Asia politics.

Brunei rely on defense and security with the United Kingdom, where there are Gurkhas, mainly stationed in Seria a defense agreement. Compared with the wealth and the surrounding countries, a smaller number of national security. In theory, Brunei, because it happened in the early decades of the 1960s uprising was military rule. The rebellion was crushed the British army in Singapore.

Brunei relations with foreign countries, especially with the countries of ASEAN and other countries and the participation of a member of the United Nations. The Sultanate is also involved in the Spratly Islands conflict, involving almost all ASEAN countries (except Indonesia, Cambodia, Laos and Myanmar), China and Republic of China. In addition contradiction maritime border with Malaysia, especially the production of oil and gas areas. Brunei, Sarawak region requires, such as Limbang. Many small island located between Brunei and Labuan, including Kuraman Island, has been disputed Brunei and Malaysia. However, these islands are considered some of Malaysia at the international level.

economics

Small affluent economy is foreign and domestic entrepreneurship, the royal guard, a mixture of traditional virtues and villages. Crude oil and natural gas expenditure including nearly half of the gross domestic product. Substantial revenue increase overseas employment income, rather than national spending. Kingdom equip all medical services and subsidies for rice and housing. Brunei leaders hesitated, with the growing integration of the world economy will affect social integration, although Brunei including improving labor skills before the draft regulations during the draft to play a more subtle role in 2000, became the Chairman of the APEC forum, reducing unemployment, strengthening the banking and tourism, and in general, further widening the economic principles. Royal Brunei flight system, the country's aviation system, is trying to make Brunei International transport hub between Europe and Australia / New Zealand. It also has major regional destination services.

Brunei Darussalam's economic dependence on the oil and gas industry has a high income in the world, including the monetary unit is the Brunei dollar has the same value as the Singapore currency.

In addition to relying on the oil and gas sector, Brunei's government tried to improve the diversification of trade and industry source of income.

Culture

Brunei Malay culture is equal, a strong influence of Islam, but it seems to be more conservative than Malaysia and Indonesia. Sale and use of alcohol is forbidden, and outsiders and non-Muslims is justified, so that they enter the country's 12 beer and two bottles of alcohol each study. After the ban in the early 1990s, forcing all bars and nightclubs close. Smoking in the 2011 text Laimufuti menfatwakan also prohibit cigarette price increase residents can deduct the nature of cigarettes.